gartar - The best way to get good quality backlinks after the Penguin is probably not that different from the best way to get good quality backlinks before Penguin. They require work and good content. We have a Link Development forum [webmasterworld.com...] that discusses the techniques of link building.

Several recent threads in that forum get into the kinds of links members think would work well with Google. Here are two you might find of interest....

Redefining Editorial, Natural Links
The disconnect between what Google wants and what webmasters believe.
http://www.webmasterworld.com/link_development/4439022.htm [webmasterworld.com]

Linking 2012 Brainstorming
http://www.webmasterworld.com/link_development/4455554.htm [webmasterworld.com]


Google, IMO, now has the infrastructure and the techniques to enforce more of its Historical Data Patent than it has before...

Google's Historical Data Patent Gets an Update
http://www.webmasterworld.com/google/3747164.htm [webmasterworld.com]

In particular, Google is likely to penalize patterns that suggest coordinated action rather than natural linking patterns. Google wants freely given editorial links.

Most easy-to-get links not based on the merits of your content would fall into the kinds of links that will get you in trouble. You need to avoid obvious manipulation. Good content, actually worth linking to, is IMO necessary to drive any successful linking campaign.

Does a link from a FaceBook posting have any value?

If it is a positive posting it may have benefits depending on who reads and, perhaps, discusses the link elsewhere. Negative postings will not. Google can detect when a link is of the "omg I hate this product *link*" type and will devalue these, according to Matt Cutts on a youtube video.

Reasoning - don't use drama or negative tactics to get people to talk about your site/company, they won't reward it.